# US EPA Emissions Standards Compliance

## Emissions & Vehicle Regulations

###### Clean Air Act Mobile Source & Stationary Source Emissions Standards (Tier 3, NSPS, NESHAP, NAAQS Programs)

## Federal GHG Vehicle Standards Just Got Rescinded. Tier 3 Criteria Pollutant Standards Remain. Do You Know Which EPA Emissions Obligations Still Apply to Your Products?

US EPA emissions standards compliance is in flux. The February 2026 rescission of the GHG Endangerment Finding eliminated federal greenhouse gas vehicle standards—but Tier 3 criteria pollutant standards, NESHAP, NSPS, and NAAQS requirements remain fully enforceable. California and Section 177 states are pursuing separate pathways. SCIP-equivalent certification evidence is mandatory.

Certivo automates EPA emissions compliance evidence management from supplier certification data to audit-ready documentation.

6

### Criteria pollutants regulated under NAAQS (still fully enforced)

- 30 mg/mi
- Tier 3 fleet-average NMOG+NOx standard (fully phased in)
- 187
- NESHAP source categories with active compliance obligations

## Regulation Overview

- **Jurisdiction:** United States (federal); California and Section 177 states (separate authority)
- **Regulatory Body:** US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); California Air Resources Board (CARB)
- **Regulation Number:** Clean Air Act (42 USC §§ 7401–7671q); 40 CFR Parts 50–99, 85–86, 1036–1068
- **Effective Date:** Clean Air Act 1970; amendments 1990; Tier 3 phased in 2017–2025; GHG standards rescinded February 2026
- **Official Source:** [EPA Regulations](https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines)
- **Key Threshold:** Varies by program: fleet-average NMOG+NOx 30 mg/mi (Tier 3); 10 ppm sulfur in gasoline; NESHAP major source ≥10 tons/year single HAP

# What Are US EPA Emissions Standards?

US EPA emissions standards encompass the full range of federal air pollution controls under the Clean Air Act—covering both mobile sources (vehicles and engines) and stationary sources (manufacturing facilities, power plants, refineries). For product and supply chain compliance teams, the primary obligations involve Tier 3 criteria pollutant certification for vehicles, NESHAP compliance for manufacturing operations, and NSPS requirements for new or modified facilities.

In February 2026, EPA finalized the rescission of the 2009 GHG Endangerment Finding and repealed all federal GHG vehicle emissions standards. Tier 3 criteria pollutant standards for NOx, PM, NMOG, CO, and formaldehyde remain fully in force. NESHAP and NSPS for stationary sources continue under separate Clean Air Act authority. California's independent authority under Section 209 is under legal dispute.

EPA emissions compliance requires component-level certification data, emissions test results, fuel specifications, and operational monitoring evidence from across the supply chain. When standards change or are rescinded, your entire compliance evidence portfolio requires reassessment.

## Key Components / Sub-Frameworks

- **Obligation:** Fleet-average NMOG+NOx, PM, evaporative emissions; 10 ppm gasoline sulfur
- **Tier 3 Standards:** Criteria pollutant limits for light-duty and medium-duty vehicles
- **Obligation:** State Implementation Plans; facility permits; attainment monitoring
- **NAAQS:** National Ambient Air Quality Standards for 6 criteria pollutants
- **Obligation:** MACT/GACT standards for 187 source categories; major/area source compliance
- **NESHAP:** National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
- **Obligation:** Technology-based limits for new, modified, or reconstructed facilities
- **NSPS:** New Source Performance Standards
- **Obligation:** Continuous compliance monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
- **Title V Permits:** Operating permits for major stationary sources
- **Obligation:** LEV III standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; separate certification pathways

## Federal GHG Vehicle Standards Rescinded February 2026—But Tier 3, NESHAP, and NAAQS Remain Fully Enforceable. Is Your Compliance Evidence Current?

The Endangerment Finding rescission eliminated federal GHG vehicle standards, but criteria pollutant obligations under Tier 3 and all stationary source programs remain in force. Litigation is expected to continue through 2027. California and 17+ Section 177 states are pursuing separate enforcement. Companies must track which standards apply in which jurisdictions—with evidence to prove it.

## Key Compliance Requirements

# Who Must Comply

- Vehicle and engine manufacturers selling into the US market (Tier 3 criteria pollutants)
- Component and parts suppliers providing emissions-related parts (catalytic converters, sensors, fuel systems)
- Manufacturing facilities operating as major or area sources of hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP)
- New or modified industrial facilities subject to New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
- Refineries and fuel producers meeting gasoline sulfur content standards (Tier 3 fuel program)
- Companies operating in California and Section 177 states with additional state-level requirements

# Key Thresholds

#### 30 mg/mi NMOG+NOx

Tier 3 fleet-average standard (fully phased in for light-duty vehicles)

#### 3 mg/mi PM

Tier 3 particulate matter standard per vehicle (FTP cycle)

#### 10 ppm sulfur

Annual average gasoline sulfur limit under Tier 3 fuel program

#### 10 tons/year single HAP

Major source threshold triggering NESHAP MACT standards

## Core Obligations

1. **Tier 3 Vehicle Certification**  
   Certify each vehicle model to NMOG+NOx emissions bin; meet fleet-average standards  
   **DEADLINE:** Prior to sale of each model year

2. **Tier 3 Fuel Compliance**  
   Produce or import gasoline meeting ≤10 ppm annual average sulfur standard  
   **DEADLINE:** Ongoing since January 2017

3. **NESHAP Compliance**  
   Meet MACT or GACT standards for applicable source category; initial performance testing  
   **DEADLINE:** Ongoing; compliance evaluations every 2 years for major sources

4. **NSPS Compliance**  
   Meet technology-based emission limits for new or modified sources  
   **DEADLINE:** At construction or modification; continuous monitoring thereafter

5. **Title V Reporting**  
   Submit compliance certifications, deviation reports, emissions monitoring data  
   **DEADLINE:** Annual certification; semi-annual deviation reporting

## EPA Emissions-Specific Pain Points

###### The Regulatory Whiplash Problem

Federal GHG standards are rescinded. Tier 3 criteria pollutant standards remain. California LEV III is under legal challenge. Section 177 states are diverging. Your product line ships to 35 states. Which emissions certification applies where? Your engineering team is designing to one standard while your compliance team tracks four overlapping—and conflicting—regulatory pathways.

###### The Certification Evidence Scramble

EPA requires emissions certification data before any model year vehicle enters the market. You need test results from 8 component suppliers, fuel specification records from 3 refiners, and OBD calibration data from your powertrain partner. Two suppliers provide data in incompatible formats. One sends expired test reports. Certification review is in 3 weeks.

###### The Stationary Source Documentation Gap

Your manufacturing facility is subject to NESHAP for two source categories and NSPS for a recently modified process line. Compliance requires continuous emissions monitoring data, initial performance test results, deviation reports, and annual Title V certifications. Your EHS team manages this across 6 spreadsheets, 3 contractors, and a filing cabinet. An EPA Region inspection is scheduled next month.

###### The Multi-Jurisdiction Compliance Maze

You manufacture products sold in California (CARB standards), Section 177 states (variable adoption), and federal-only states (Tier 3 only). Each market requires different certification evidence, different testing protocols, and different reporting timelines. Without centralized compliance evidence management, you are maintaining three parallel documentation systems for one product line.

## Certivo in Action

### Certivo in Action—EPA Emissions Workflow

GET EVIDENCE IN
- Collect Emissions Certification Data and Compliance Evidence from Every Supplier—Without the Chasing

CORA launches targeted campaigns to collect supplier emissions test reports, component certifications, fuel specification records, and monitoring data. Automated follow-up in standardized formats.

- Launch certification evidence campaigns to hundreds of suppliers with one click
- CORA-powered outreach requesting emissions test data, OBD calibration records, and compliance certificates
- Accept any format: PDFs, EPA test reports, Excel data submissions, CARB filings
- Track response rates and escalate non-responders automatically

MAKE SENSE OF IT
- Know Instantly Which Products Meet EPA Emissions Thresholds—and Which Jurisdictions Apply

CORA parses supplier emissions data, validates test results against applicable Tier 3 bins and NESHAP/NSPS limits, and flags non-conformance automatically.

- CORA extracts pollutant values, test cycle results, and certification parameters from supplier documents
- Automatic validation against Tier 3 fleet-average standards, PM limits, and fuel sulfur requirements
- Real-time alerts when regulatory changes affect your product certifications
- Threshold calculations and bin assignment validation per current EPA and CARB requirements

PROVE COMPLIANCE OUT
- Respond to Certification Reviews and Enforcement Inquiries in Hours, Not Weeks

Generate audit-ready EPA certification packages, NESHAP compliance documentation, and customer-specific emissions evidence instantly from validated supplier data.

- One-click EPA certification evidence packages with full test data traceability
- Pre-formatted NESHAP and NSPS compliance documentation for inspector review
- Customer-specific emissions compliance packages for OEM and fleet requirements
- Complete audit trail for every test result, supplier certification, and compliance decision

## One Supplier Submission. Validation Against All 253 SVHCs. Audit-Ready in Hours.

Certivo collects supplier emissions data, extracts pollutant values and test parameters, validates against all applicable EPA and CARB standards, and generates certification-ready documentation automatically. When standards change or jurisdictions diverge, Certivo reassesses your portfolio and alerts you—before certification deadlines or enforcement actions arrive.

**Tier 3 Bin Validation**  
**NESHAP/NSPS Documentation**  
**Multi-Jurisdiction Tracking**  
**CARB/Section 177 Monitoring**  
**Continuous Audit Readiness**

## Features Tabs

### Certification Evidence Collection

Certivo's automated campaigns achieve 95% response rates vs. 20–30% with manual outreach.

- Targeted campaigns by component type, supplier tier, or certification program
- Multi-format acceptance: EPA test reports, CARB filings, OEM templates, freeform data
- Intelligent follow-up sequences adapting to supplier behavior
- Centralized supplier self-service portals for emissions data submission

### Emissions Data Extraction

Every supplier test report parsed for pollutant values, test cycles, and certification parameters automatically—no manual data entry.

- Deep extraction of NMOG+NOx, PM, CO, formaldehyde values across FTP, US06, and SC03 cycles
- Parses EPA certification formats, CARB test submissions, and proprietary OEM templates
- Multi-language document processing for global supply chain partners
- Anomaly detection for out-of-range values or expired test data

### Regulatory Intelligence & Horizon Scanning

Always validated against current standards—not your last certification cycle.

- Continuous monitoring of EPA rulemaking, CARB updates, and Section 177 state adoptions
- Proactive alerts when regulatory changes affect your product certifications
- Litigation tracking for Endangerment Finding challenges and California waiver disputes
- Historical tracking of standard evolution and compliance status changes

### Compliance Documentation

Generate EPA certification and NESHAP compliance packages in hours instead of weeks.

- One-click certification evidence assembly for EPA and CARB submissions
- NESHAP compliance documentation with performance test data and monitoring records
- Title V annual certification packages with deviation tracking
- Supplier evidence chain with complete traceability per component and facility

### Multi-Jurisdiction Compliance

One evidence base covers federal Tier 3, California LEV III, and Section 177 state requirements.

- Parallel validation against federal and California emissions standards
- Jurisdiction mapping identifying which standards apply in each target market
- Harmonized certification evidence for 50-state compliance where applicable
- Gap analysis for products certified to federal-only vs. California-compliant levels

## Related Regulations

- **California LEV III / Advanced Clean Cars**  
  State-level vehicle emissions program with independent authority; stricter than federal
- **EU Euro 7**  
  EU vehicle emissions standard with overlapping pollutant limits
- **NHTSA CAFE Standards**  
  Fuel economy standards coordinated with EPA emissions programs
- **Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 1/3**  
  Corporate emissions reporting intersects facility-level EPA obligations
- **OSHA PSM**  
  Process safety overlaps with NESHAP compliance at chemical and refining facilities
- **EU Industrial Emissions Directive**  
  EU stationary source regulation analogous to NSPS/NESHAP

## Managing EPA emissions standards alongside related regulations eliminates duplicate supplier requests. Certivo validates one submission against multiple frameworks.

## Industries Most Impacted

### Automotive Manufacturing  
  
Your Pain Point  
Tier 3 certification; OEM flowdown; federal vs. California divergence

### Industrial & Heavy Equipment  
  
Your Pain Point  
Nonroad engine Tier 4 standards; NESHAP at manufacturing facilities

### Energy & Infrastructure  
  
Your Pain Point  
NSPS for power generation; NESHAP for fuel processing; NAAQS attainment

### Chemical Manufacturing  
  
Your Pain Point  
Multiple NESHAP source categories; NSPS for process modifications; HAP reporting

### Aerospace & Defense  
  
Your Pain Point  
Engine emissions certification; NESHAP at coating and finishing operations

### Construction Materials  
  
Your Pain Point  
NSPS for cement, glass, and mineral processing; NAAQS nonattainment issues

### Electronics Manufacturing  
  
Your Pain Point  
NESHAP for semiconductor fabrication; solvent and HAP controls

### Medical Devices & Equipment  
  
Your Pain Point  
Ethylene oxide NESHAP for sterilization facilities; NESHAP residual risk reviews

## Return on Investment

##### 80%  
###### Reduction in Compliance Labor  
From Manual Evidence Assembly to Automated Documentation

CORA collects, parses, and validates supplier emissions data automatically. Your team focuses on regulatory strategy and exception management—not chasing test reports and compiling certification files.

##### 4 hours  
###### To Certification Package  
EPA Compliance Documentation Acceleration

Generate complete, audit-ready certification and NESHAP compliance packages in hours—not the weeks of manual compilation across suppliers, labs, and engineering teams.

##### Real-Time  
###### Regulatory Intelligence  
Proactive EPA Emissions Compliance Monitoring

When EPA finalizes new rules, rescinds standards, or California issues new requirements, Certivo identifies which products and facilities are affected instantly. Know your compliance status before enforcement actions—not after.

## Key Statistics

- 6: NAAQS criteria pollutants tracked with continuous regulatory sync
- 99.2%: Emissions data extraction accuracy from supplier test reports
- 95%: Supplier response rate with CORA-powered campaigns

## Frequently Asked Questions

### Which EPA emissions standards still apply after the February 2026 Endangerment Finding rescission?
The rescission eliminated all federal GHG vehicle emissions standards under Section 202(a). However, Tier 3 criteria pollutant standards (NMOG+NOx, PM, CO, formaldehyde), the Tier 3 gasoline sulfur program, all NESHAP source category standards, all NSPS for stationary sources, and NAAQS remain fully enforceable. Certivo tracks which specific standards apply to each product and facility, so your compliance evidence reflects current obligations—not rescinded ones.

### What are the penalties for EPA emissions non-compliance?
Penalties vary by program. Clean Air Act violations can result in civil penalties up to $127,691 per day per violation (adjusted annually for inflation). Criminal penalties for knowing violations include fines and imprisonment. NESHAP non-compliance can trigger consent decrees, operational restrictions, and facility shutdowns. EPA enforcement actions are public record.

### How does Certivo handle the federal vs. California emissions compliance split?
Certivo validates supplier evidence against both federal Tier 3 and California LEV III / Advanced Clean Cars standards simultaneously. Jurisdiction mapping identifies which standards apply in each of your target markets—federal-only states, Section 177 adoption states, and California. One evidence base supports certification across all US jurisdictions without duplicate supplier campaigns.

### Does Certivo support both mobile source and stationary source EPA compliance?
Yes. Certivo manages emissions evidence for vehicle and engine certification (Tier 3, nonroad), NESHAP compliance for manufacturing facilities, NSPS for new or modified sources, and Title V permit reporting. CORA collects supplier test data, facility monitoring records, and operational compliance evidence into a single system of record with complete audit trail.

### How do US EPA emissions standards relate to EU Euro 7 and other international emissions programs?
Companies manufacturing for global markets must track overlapping emissions requirements across US (Tier 3), EU (Euro 7), California (LEV III), and other jurisdictions. Certivo collects one set of supplier emissions evidence and validates against multiple international frameworks simultaneously. Multi-jurisdiction compliance management from a single platform eliminates parallel compliance systems.

## Ready to Automate EPA Emissions Compliance?
See how Certivo's emissions compliance software transforms certification evidence management from reactive scrambling to continuous audit-ready confidence—across federal, California, and state programs.